Botanical identity and processing form come before grade.

Common/bread wheat must not be substituted for durum. Contract variety/class, test weight, protein and end use.

Durum is a distinct hard, amber wheat program commonly specified for semolina/pasta performance; identity and vitreousness matter.

Food, feed and malting barley are different use classes. Catalogue supply must state food use and whether hulled or hull-less.

Oats require a dedicated gluten-control program before any gluten-free claim; ordinary commodity oats are vulnerable to wheat/barley contamination.

Declare food-use type and colour, hardness and intended milling/flaking use; maize identity alone does not define functional performance.

Food-grade sorghum must be separated from feed programs; declare grain colour, cultivar/type and tannin/decortication requirements where relevant.

Pearl millet is not interchangeable with small millets. Declare cultivar, grain colour/size and dehulling or milling treatment.

Finger millet has a distinct small, spherical grain and seed-coat fraction; colour, decortication and flour granulation affect use.

Specify hulled versus unhulled/decorticated condition, cultivar and grain colour; vernacular names can overlap with other small millets.

Little millet is a separate botanical identity from proso and barnyard millet; dehulling yield and residual husk must be controlled.

Declare species/cultivar and processed condition. Common names such as sama/sanwa can be ambiguous across regions.

Kodo requires positive botanical/lot identity, sound grain and controlled dehulling; mould-damaged or improperly handled grain is unacceptable.

Proso is distinct from little millet despite shared Panicum genus and overlapping vernacular names; specify cultivar, colour and dehulling.

Buckwheat is a pseudocereal, not wheat. Declare common versus tartary species, hulled condition and allergen/cross-contact controls.